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Isaimozhi
Lyrics & meaning

Pengale Ulaga Pengale

From Ratha Kanneer · 1954

Lyricist
Udumalai Narayanakavi
Singer
T. S. Bhagavathy
Music director
C. S. Jayaraman
Details
Ratha Kanneer1954

Lyrics & meaning

Tanglish lyrics English translation
Female
Pengalae ulaga pengalaeOh women, women of the world!
Pengalae ulaga pengalaeOh women, women of the world!
Female
Pizhaigal seipavar aangalandroIs it not men who make mistakes?
Pizhaigal seipavar aangalandroIs it not men who make mistakes?
Azhaivai adaipavar neengalandroIs it not you women who bear the suffering?
Female
Pengalae ulaga pengalaeOh women, women of the world!
Female
Anbu manaviyar thaniththu varunthidaWhile loving wives suffer in solitude,
Arumai naayagar piriyalaamoIs it right for beloved husbands to separate from them?
Andir paravaiyum pettaiyai pirinthaalEven if a male bird separates from its female mate,
Arai nodiyilae uyirvidumoDoes it not give up its life in half a second?
Female
Ennudamibil naan paathi manaivi paathiMen who say, 'In my body, I am half and my wife is half',
Endru sollum aadavargalThose men who say so,
Maru vinaadi thanmaiyilaa kovalangalBecome characterless Kovalan-like figures the very next second,
Aagindraar enna neethiWhat justice is this?
Female
Inba unarve uyirin iyarkkaiJoyful emotion is the nature of life,
Idhaiyum marnthaar aadavargalMen have forgotten even this.
Ponnai pol manaivi irukkaiyilWhile having a wife who is like gold,
Pothu magal thunai naadugindraarThey seek the companionship of public women.
Female
Pengalae ulaga pengalaeOh women, women of the world!
Female
Pengalidam karpai edhirpaarkkum aangalMen who expect chastity from women,
Pengalaiye karpazhiththu thiriyalaamoIs it fair for them to wander around ruining the chastity of women?
Pengalukkum aangalukkumFor both women and men,
Karppu podhuvandroIsn't chastity common to both?
Female
Konda manaiviyar theruvir sendraalIf wedded wives step out onto the street,
Kobam kondidum aangal yaarumMen who get angry,
Kanda pengalai annai endreShouldn't they consider all other women as mothers,
Karuthi vaazhvathu kadamaiyandroAnd live with that duty?
Female
Oru pennai ainthu per naaduvathumFive men seeking one woman,
Oru paavi arupathaayiram pengalOr one sinner robbing sixty thousand women of their rights,
Urimai parippathum sarithaanoIs this right?
Penninaththai thaazhththum sathiyandroIsn't this a conspiracy to degrade womanhood?
Female
Irulil ullathu paazhum ulagamThis ruined world is submerged in darkness,
Magalir vedhanai endru vilagumWhen will the agony of women recede?
Paruva maatharin urimai kaaththidaTo protect the rights of young women,
Ariya sevai puriya vendumNoble service must be performed!
Female
Pengalae ulaga pengalaeOh women, women of the world!
Pizhaigal seipavar aangalandroIs it not men who make mistakes?
Azhaivai adaipavar neengalandroIs it not you women who bear the suffering?
Female
Pengalae ulaga pengalae….Oh women, women of the world!

Beyond the translation

Song interpretation

'Pengalae Ulaga Pengalae' is a landmark reformist song from the 1954 Tamil film Ratha Kanneer, composed by C. S. Jayaraman with lyrics by the famous rationalist poet Udumalai Narayanakavi. The song strongly critiques patriarchal double standards, questioning why men demand strict chastity from women while indulging in moral laxity and infidelity themselves. Referencing classical literature such as Silappatikaram (Kovalan) as well as mythological tales, the song forcefully argues that chastity and moral standards must be equal for both men and women. Through poignant rhetorical questions, the lyrics call for a social awakening, demanding an end to female suffering and emphasizing the urgent duty to safeguard women's rights and dignity.

Writing craft

Poetic devices

Monai (Initial Alliteration)

Anbu manaviyar thaniththu varunthida / Arumai naayagar piriyalaamo

Repetition of initial sounds in consecutive lines, such as 'Anbu' and 'Arumai'.

Edugai (Second-letter Rhyme)

Pizhaigal seipavar aangalandro / Azhaivai adaipavar neengalandro

Rhyming of second letters in adjacent lines, a key Tamil prosodic device ('Pizhaigal' and 'Azhaivai').

Rhetorical Question

Pengalukkum aangalukkum karppu podhuvandro

Posing direct questions to challenge societal hypocrisy rather than expecting an answer.

Allusion

Maru vinaadi thanmaiyilaa kovalangal aagindraar enna neethi

Referencing Kovalan from Silappatikaram to symbolize husbands who abandon devoted wives for courtesans.

Did you know?

Trivia

Written by Udumalai Narayanakavi for M. R. Radha's iconic film Ratha Kanneer (1954), this song reflects the Dravidian movement's social reform themes of the 1950s, advocating gender equality, rationalism, and moral accountability for men.

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